Radiculopathy

Radiculopathy refers to a condition where a nerve root in the spine becomes compressed or irritated, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that radiates along the path of that nerve. In the neck (cervical radiculopathy), symptoms typically travel down the arm into the hand. In the lower back (lumbar radiculopathy, commonly called sciatica), symptoms radiate down the leg. The most common causes are herniated discs, bone spurs from degenerative changes, and spinal stenosis. The pain can range from a dull ache to sharp, electric-shock-like sensations that make daily activities difficult.

Dr. Zhou performs a thorough neurological examination assessing reflexes, muscle strength, and sensation along specific nerve distributions (dermatomes). He may use imaging such as MRI to visualize the spine and identify structural causes like disc herniations or bone spurs. EMG and nerve conduction studies are often essential — they confirm which nerve root is affected, distinguish radiculopathy from other conditions like peripheral neuropathy, and determine whether the nerve damage is acute or chronic. This precision is critical for directing treatment to the right level of the spine.

Most cases of radiculopathy improve with conservative treatment. Dr. Zhou develops individualized plans that may include physical therapy and targeted exercises to decompress the nerve, oral medications for pain and inflammation, and epidural steroid injections for more persistent symptoms. For cervical radiculopathy, he may also recommend traction therapy. Regenerative medicine approaches may be considered for chronic cases. If symptoms are severe or progressive — especially if there is significant weakness or bowel/bladder changes — Dr. Zhou will coordinate a surgical evaluation promptly.